Risk of depression in pregnancy among pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the risk of depression in pregnancy among pregnant women undergoing follow-up in high-risk prenatal care, to assess the factors associated with higher risk of depression in pregnancy and to compare the risk of depression in each gestational trimester. METHOD: this is a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, conducted with 151 pregnant women in prenatal care in a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic at a university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through an online form. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. After the bivariate analysis, the variables were included in the logistic regression model. In the final model, the Odds Ratio was calculated. RESULTS: 118 (78.1%) pregnant women had a higher risk of depression during pregnancy, which was higher in the first trimester, but without statistical significance. The number of pregnancies (OR = 0.32) and marital status (OR = 0.07) remained significantly associated with higher risk of depression during pregnancy as protective factors. CONCLUSION: the results elucidate the importance of screening for depression risk and the significant need to improve access to effective interventions for preventing prenatal depression and promoting mental health.

Risk of depression in pregnancy among pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care / Riesgo de depresión en el embarazo entre gestantes matriculadas en prenatal de alto riesgo / Risco de depressão na gravidez entre gestantes inseridas na assistência pré-natal de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the risk of depression in pregnancy among pregnant women undergoing follow-up in high-risk prenatal care, to assess the factors associated with higher risk of depression in pregnancy and to compare the risk of depression in each gestational trimester. Method: this is a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, conducted with 151 pregnant women in prenatal care in a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic at a university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through an online form. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed. After the bivariate analysis, the variables were included in the logistic regression model. In the final model, the Odds Ratio was calculated. Results: 118 (78.1%) pregnant women had a higher risk of depression during pregnancy, which was higher in the first trimester, but without statistical significance. The number of pregnancies (OR = 0.32) and marital status (OR = 0.07) remained significantly associated with higher risk of depression during pregnancy as protective factors. Conclusion: the results elucidate the importance of screening for depression risk and the significant need to improve access to effective interventions for preventing prenatal depression and promoting mental health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el riesgo de depresión en el embarazo entre gestantes en control prenatal de alto riesgo, evaluar los factores asociados a mayor riesgo de depresión en el embarazo y comparar el riesgo de depresión en cada trimestre gestacional. Método: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal, realizado con 151 gestantes en control prenatal en un ambulatorio de embarazo de alto riesgo de un hospital universitario del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario en línea. Se realizaron las Pruebas Chi-Cuadrado y Exacta de Fisher. Después del análisis bivariado, las variables se incluyeron en el modelo de regresión logística. En el modelo final se calculó el Odds Ratio. Resultados: 118 (78,1%) gestantes presentaron mayor riesgo de depresión durante el embarazo, siendo mayor en el primer trimestre, pero sin significación estadística. El número de embarazos (OR = 0,32) y el estado civil (OR = 0,07) permanecieron significativamente asociados con un mayor riesgo de depresión en el embarazo como factores protectores. Conclusión: los resultados aclaran la importancia de la detección del riesgo de depresión y la necesidad significativa de mejorar el acceso a intervenciones efectivas para prevenir la depresión prenatal y promover la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o risco de depressão na gravidez entre gestantes em acompanhamento na assistência pré-natal de alto risco, avaliar os fatores associados ao maior risco de depressão na gravidez e comparar o risco de depressão em cada trimestre gestacional. Método: estudo descritivo, correlacional, transversal, realizado com 151 gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal em ambulatório de gestação de alto risco de um hospital universitário no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por um formulário online. Foram realizados os Testes do Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Após a análise bivariada, as variáveis foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística. No modelo final, foi calcula a Razão de Chances. Resultados: 118 (78,1%) gestantes apresentaram maior risco de depressão na gravidez, o qual foi maior no primeiro trimestre, mas sem significância estatística. O número de gestações (OR = 0,32) e o estado civil (OR = 0,07) permaneceram associados significativamente ao maior risco de depressão na gravidez como fatores de proteção. Conclusão: os resultados elucidam a importância do rastreamento do risco de depressão e a necessidade significativa de melhorar o acesso a intervenções eficazes para prevenção da depressão pré-natal e promoção da sua saúde mental.